Poster Presentation Lorne Infection and Immunity 2022

Long-read RNA sequencing identifies polyadenylation elongation and differential transcript usage of host transcripts during SARS-CoV-2 in vitro infection (#118)

Jessie J-Y Chang 1 , Josie Gleeson 2 , Daniel Rawlinson 1 , Miranda E Pitt 1 , Ricardo De Paoli-Iseppi 2 , Chenxi Zhou 3 , Francesca L Mordant 1 , Sarah L Londrigan 1 , Michael B Clark 2 , Kanta Subbarao 4 , Timothy P Stinear 1 , Lachlan JM Coin 1 3
  1. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
  2. Centre for Stem Cell Systems, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
  3. Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
  4. WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Improved methods to interrogate host-pathogen interactions during Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections are crucial to help understand and prevent this disease. Here we implemented RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) coupled with the Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) long-reads to measure differential host gene expression, transcript polyadenylation and isoform usage within various epithelial cell lines permissive and non-permissive for SARS-CoV-2 infection. SARS-CoV-2-infected and mock-infected Vero (African green monkey kidney epithelial cells), Calu-3 (human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells), Caco-2 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma epithelial cells) and A549 (human lung carcinoma epithelial cells) were analysed over time (0, 2, 24, 48 hours). Differential polyadenylation was found to occur in both infected Calu-3 and Vero cells during a late time point (48 hpi), with Gene Ontology (GO) terms such as viral transcription and translation shown to be significantly enriched in Calu-3 data. Poly(A) tails showed increased lengths in the majority of the differentially polyadenylated transcripts in Calu-3 and Vero cell lines (up to ~136 nt in mean poly(A) length, padj = 0.029). Among these genes, ribosomal protein genes such as RPS4X and RPS6 also showed downregulation in expression levels, suggesting the importance of ribosomal protein genes during infection. Furthermore, differential transcript usage was detected in Caco-2, Calu-3 and Vero cells, including transcripts of genes such as GSDMB and KPNA2, which have previously been implicated in SARS-CoV-2 infections. Overall, these results highlight the potential role of differential polyadenylation and transcript usage in host immune response or manipulation of the host by the virus during SARS-CoV-2 infection.